The application of selection indices in crop improvement. S department of agriculture, agricultural research service, department of agronomy, iowa state university, ames, ia 50011, usa. Codex alimentarius most countries adopted codex definition on biotech. It combines genetic information with mathematical or industrial methods to improve characteristics of plants. A new metric for parental selection in plant breeding. In the gure, every vertical bar represents a single plant. Thus it is a cyclic selection that is used to improve the frequency of desirable alleles for a character in a breeding population. Crosspollination, where pollen from one plant can only fertilize a different plant. Increase timely access to elite genetic backgrounds so that new traits can be moved expeditiously into agriculturally outstanding cultivar backgrounds. Molecular markers and selection for complex traits in. Merge pdf files, select the pages, merge bookmarks and interactive forms. Wikimedia commons has media related to plant breeding. For approximately 10,000 years, human beings have modified the traits of plants and animals, giving rise to hundreds of thousands of domesticated breeds that today form the. Even though the phrase to breed plants often connotes the involvement of the sexual process in.
Responses to seven methods of recurrent selection in the bs11 maize population roger a. New plant breeding techniques food standards australia. Selection is one of the basic fields of population genetics and statistics. Includes common plant breeding terminology and introduction of concepts. Through these techniques, plant breeders have been able to produce cultivars of agriculturally significant plants with genes for resistance to many diseases that were not possible before the advent of dna. In the next plant generations the breeder has to select for. Main features of recurrent selection are given below. Recurrent selection was originally developed as a method of breeding cross pollinated species. Responses to seven methods of recurrent selection in the. Some useful theorems of selection theory are presented, beginning with a theorem on the optimality of truncation selection. Tradeoffs between male and female line development. Selffertilization, where pollen from a plant will fertilise reproductive cells or ovules of the same plant. Lec 22 population improvement programmes, recurrent selection, synthetics and composites 9 lec 23 hybrids 140143 lec 24 clonal selection 144148 lec 25 hybridization 149152 lec 26 mutation breeding 153157 lec 27 procedure for mutatuion breeding 158162 lec 28 application of mutatuion breeding 163166 lec 29 1 ploidy breeding 167180 lec 30 2 ploidy breeding 181194. Biosafety considerations for new plant breeding techniques introduction umweltbundesamt rep0477, vienna 2014 5 1 introduction 1.
Todays innovations in plant breeding are developed using sophisticated science and technologies including cell biology, gene mapping and. Recurrent selection main features of recurrent selection. Increasing knowledge of plant genetics and above all, improved methods of. The issue of plant breeding techniques and their compatibil. It follows, then, that for a given investment in the programme, selection differentials must be maximised in order to maximise genetic gain. Therefore, while conventional plant breeding has been, is, and will be successful at improving our crops, the application of genomic approaches, tools, and resources to practical plant breeding will push forward the genetic gains obtained by breeding programs in a precision breeding approach collard and. This is an easytofollow, stepbystep guide to growing organic, healthy vegetable, herbs and house plants without soil. The marriage between quantitative genetics and plant breeding, albeit nonexclusive, has reaped benefits for both during the last 100 years. Clearly illustrated with black and white line drawings, the book covers every aspect of home hydroponic gardening. An illustration of a whole process of plant breeding is in figure1. Mass selection is the oldest method of plant improvement and probably the most used method in plant breeding over time. Simmonds 1979 defined plant breeding as the current phase of crop evolution. However, plant breeding in its rudimentary form started with farming about 12,000 years ago, in the form of selection of more suitable. Plant breeders use different methods depending on the mode of reproduction of crops, which include.
Kidwell encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 2. It involves manipulation of plant species in order to create desired genotypes and phenotypes for specific purposes. From mendel to genomics, plant breeding milestones. Estimates of genetic variances and heritability in many. Overview of operations research for plant breeding o demonstration 1.
It describes the general work ow of a plant breeding process. Title genetic variation for plant breeding subtitle proceedings of the 17th eucarpia general congress, 811 september 2004, tulln, austria publisher boku university of natural resources and applied life sciences, vienna gregor mendel str. Modern plant breeding is considered a discipline originating from the science of genetics. Phenotypic recurrent selection phenotypic recurrent selection is defined as recurrent selection in which the phenotype of the individual plant serves as the basis for selection penny et al. New plant breeding techniques npbts igtc business plan 20152018. The past, present and future of plant breeding vib. Hallauer abstract methods include these three phases, they vary in types recurrent selection methods have been effectively used by maize of progenies evaluated i. It follows that, for the kth candidate for selection, predicted breeding values for the economically important traits are. Selection methods in plant breeding based on mode of. History of plant breeding the most rudimentary forms of plant breeding likely originated during the transition of. Australian grain technologies agt and intergrain have started negotiating a deal to strengthen australianfocused cereal breeding. Crop pdf files by drawing the rectangular area you want to keep. Plant breeding and genetics encyclopedia of life support. Who defined plant breeding as current phase of crop evolution.
Plant breeding innovation international seed federation. Recurrent selection is a method which involves reselection generation after generation with interbreeding of selects to provide for genetic recombination. However, it is more commonly used in cross pollinated species than in selfpollinated species. Gene regulations, not only gene combinations, must be captured by plant breeding and by the selection of plant varieties.
Plant breeding innovation is the term we use to describe the constantly evolving ideas and practices which enhance the field of plant breeding. Included are faculty affiliated with plant breeding and genetics. It is a complex subject, involving the use of many interdisciplinary modern sciences and technologies. At the heart of plant breeding is the act of selection, a process whereby 4 differential reproduction and survival leads to changes in gene frequency. Plant breeding matters is a unique source of information about the business and science of plant breeding, produced by the british society of plant breeders bspb. Cab direct platform is the most thorough and extensive source of reference in the applied life sciences, incorporating the leading bibliographic databases cab abstracts and global health. The procedure does not involve the use of a tester. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vol. Thus it is evident that the ef fort of recording the. You can remove single or multiple pages from your pdf with only a few clicks. A free and open source software to merge, split, rotate and extract pages from pdf files. Key lessons learned from applying markers in plant breeding include the following. Analysis and visualization of data from plant breeding and genetics experiments the package contains different functionalities relevant to analysis of data from both conventional and molecular plant breeding and genetics experiments.
Conventional plant breeding has successfully improved crops through selection practices that capture genetic gains, even though information on the specific genes and genetic networks that contribute to the desired agronomic characteristics is usually limited. This procedure is also called phenotypic recurrent. Marker assisted selection in comparison to conventional. Reverse breeding a novel plant breeding technique that involves suppressing meiotic recombination in order to recreate homozygous parental lines that, once hybridised, reconstitute the composition of an elite heterozygous plant. Many people believe plant breeding is a postmendelian science. Plant breeding is often said to be a process not of selection, but of elimination. Plant genetic resources for agriculture, plant breeding. Kenya distribution of plant breeding emphasis by type of institution, 2001 thousand 1993 international dollars 19 5a. Above all, plant breeding has fascinated, challenged and gathered many scientists, as well as contributed to prevent starvation in many countries. New plant breeding techniques national grain and feed. Plant breeding is the process of using two parent plants to create an offspring plant. The use of transgenes has become a highprofile complement to conventional breeding.
It is also called as german method or german method of broad breeding because once it was used nicely in germany for improving the sugar beets and small grains such as rye and wheat. Operations research in plant breeding may 22 may 26, 2017 instructors. Use of molecular markers in participatory plant breeding cirad. Fao plant breeding and related biotechnology capacity survey status 7 2 cameroon plant breeding budget by crop 15 3. Recent developments new plant breeding techniques and. Increase plant breeding research capacity for all crops.
Starting with a definition of the term selection as a subdivision of a given set a into two subsets, a more statistical definition of selection as a transformation of a density function is given. Reinventing quantitative genetics for plant breeding. Molecular dna markers are used for an increasingly broad range of plant breeding applications, including markerassisted selection, genetic. Genetic improvement of crops by hybridization and selection. Riley 1978 defined plant breeding as a technology of developing superior crop plants for various purposes. Package plantbreeding september 2, 2012 type package title analysis and visualization of data from plant breeding and genetics experiments version 1. This is similar to mass selection with one or two years per cycle.
Methods for estimating and evaluating genotypic and phenotypic variances and covariances. Use of selection indices and related techniques for evaluating parental material. Although it is relatively simple and easy to apply its efficiency of. Operations research in plant breeding may 22 may 26, 2017. The history of domesticated plant form and function evolves along a twotiered track that doubles back on itself, offering panoramic vistas of natural forces intertwined with the creative force of human endeavor figure 1. Fusionner pdf combiner en ligne vos fichiers pdf gratuitement.
1325 1514 1215 1135 1336 1295 524 429 389 69 772 426 308 79 299 1181 82 984 495 131 420 808 890 1341 998 1063 1392 266 196 861 1022 743 58 1024 1202 698 1387 1460 760